Health Savings Accounts (HSAs): A Win-Win-Win
This article was updated on July 25, 2018.
Getting the most out of what each of us spends on our personal health care is top of mind for most of us these days. And recent news here in the United States has made it the subject of almost daily conversation.
All this public dialogue has made me think a lot lately about the benefits of Health Savings Accounts (HSAs) — so much so, in fact, that I wanted to share with you why I think they are a win-win-win for businesses and their employees.
Let's start with a basic understanding. Health savings accounts were implemented in 2004 in the U.S. to provide a medical savings account for individuals who were enrolled in a high-deductible health plan, or HDHP. A health savings account allows an individual to contribute amounts each calendar year to pay for qualified medical expenses. In 2015, $3,350 per individual and $6,650 per family can be contributed to a health savings account. These contributions are not subject to U.S. federal income tax. In addition, if the contributions are pre-tax through a cafeteria plan, they are not subject to social security or Medicare taxes.
An annual census by America's Health Insurance Plans (AHIP) of U.S. health insurance carriers shows that the number of people covered by health savings accounts/high-deductible health plans (HSA/HDHPs) totaled 15.5 million in January 2013. Clearly, a lot of people see the potential benefits of HSAs.
Let's look at three of those "wins" more closely.
WIN #1 – Out-of-Pocket Spending Can Be Pre-Tax
This can be a big win for an employee. In 2014, 72 percent of U.S. employees enrolled in HDHPs did not spend enough on health care to meet their deductible. That means that all of the money they spent came out of their own pockets, and their insurance provider was not involved in most of those events.
According to HSAcenter.com, HSA contributions can be:
- Used to pay out-of-pocket expenses incurred prior to meeting the HDHP deductible
- Tax deductible from gross income
- Pre-tax when contributed through a cafeteria plan
- Invested tax-deferred
- Tax-free when used for qualified medical expenses
- Rolled over year after year (which means there's no "use-it-or-lose-it" requirement)
WIN #2 – Pre-Tax Contributions to an HSA Are Pre-Tax for the Employer
Employers who encourage their employees to open a health savings account can benefit by potentially saving as much as 7.65 percent in employer tax costs. For example, if an employee puts $1,000 into an HSA, they can save taxes at their own marginal rate, and the client can save as much as $76.50 on those contributions. In addition to the financial wins, there is the additional win of getting the employees even more engaged in managing their health care expenses. Our clients have told us that employees who have an HDHP and an HSA are more likely to ask questions about the cost of health care services and far more likely to research the best value on those services.
WIN #3 – There Is No "Use-It-or-Lose-It" Factor
I mentioned this briefly above, but it's an important point that bears repeating. Unlike Flexible Spending Accounts, HSA balances can be rolled over and saved, tax-deferred, until age 65 when they can be withdrawn, similar to a 401(k) plan. This is why an HSA is often referred to as a "401(k) for health care." Employees can save HSA funds and withdraw them in retirement when health care expenses are likely to be needed the most.
According to HSA Center, HSA Savings also can be used for:
- Health insurance premiums when you're between jobs
- Qualified long-term care premiums
- Medicare premiums and out-of-pocket expenses
- Living expenses after age 65 (although they are then subject to ordinary income taxes)
Considering the potential benefits, it might be worth seeing if an HSA could be a "win" for your company and its employees.
